Improvement in apparatus for illustrating the earth s axial rotation



0; MANUEL. Apparatus for Illustrating the Earths Axial Rotation No.196,239. Patented Oct. 16,1877.

N PETERS, PHOTWUTHOGRAPHER, WASNING'IONv D26 NITED PATENT ()Frxcn CHARLES MANOEL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR ILLUSTRATING THE EARTHS AXIAL ROTATION.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 196,239, dated October 16, 1877; application filed May S, 1877.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES MANcEL, of the city, county, and State of New York,have made a new and useful invention in Apparatus for Illustrating and Exhibiting to the Eye the Rotation of the Earth upon its Axis, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, making part of this specification.

My invention is founded upon one of the properties of the pendulum-"in, that when put into a state of vibration (under proper conditions) it will continue to perform its oscillations in the same vertical plane so long as its oscillations are continued; and the nature of my invention consists in applying, combining, and arranging the oscillations of the pendulum with an artificial globe or map representing the earths surface, and with certain indicators or pointers arranged upon the face of the globe or map, in such a manner that while the indicators are held stationary by the vibration of the pendulmn in the same vertical plane, and not partaking of the earths rotation, the globe or map partakes of that rot ion, and thus the indicators are made to show to the eye of the observer the progress of the earths rotation, and may also measure the distance traveled by the earths surface in its rotation during hours, minutes, or seconds The construction of my invention and apparatus is as follows:

In the accompanying drawing, A represents a pendulum, which must be suspended at a 1:)Ol1113 or center of suspension about two hundred feet above the bob orweight a, in a buildin or tower suitable for the purpose.

El represents a frame, in the form of the arc orf curve described by the oscillation of the bob of the pendulum; In this frame there'is a slot or groove, and it must extend so far longitudinally through the frame as to allow the end of the pendulum-rod a, which projects through the bob to vibrate through its whole length. This frame, which Icall the supporter, stands upon thenorth pole or central point of the globe O,placed directly under it, and the frame is connected with the globe by a vertical @ivot-j oint, which permits the free motion pended arms or indicators (1 cl 0 0, some of which extend over the globe to points below the equatorial line, as shown at d d, and others extending to points above the equatorial line, as shown at c e.

The lower ends of the indicators maybemade to point to any desired locality upon the earths surface, as represented by the globe.

It is obvious that, when the pendulum performs (as it mustlits oscillations always in the same vertical plane, the indicators (1 e, fixed to the supporter B, must remain fixed and unmoved, and not partaking of the rotation of the earth, because the supporter is held in the same plane always as that of the oscillation of the pendulum by the point a vibrating in the slot of the supporter; but as the earth rotates from west to east, the indicators,not partaking of the rotation, must constantly mark or show an increasing distance from any 10- cality taken as a starting point from east to west, thus exhibiting visibly'the earths rotation upon its axis.

The globe or map and the tower and the spectators all move with the velocity of the earths rotation from west to east but the indicators, remaining stationary, appear to move from east to west.

To further carry out my invention, I place upon the equatorial line of the globe the ring j, which is provided with teeth forming a rack.

The longer indicators 01 d are provided with hands or pointers g g. Thesepointers are hinged to the indicators d d opposite to the equatorial ring, and 11c ve pinion-wheels, which gear into the rack f, so that when the ring or rack revolves with theearths rotation these pointers revolve upon their axes or centers of motion, and their revolutions, being made to be performed within certain fixed times, will show the distance traveled by the surface .of the earth in its rotation within such fixed times.

Thus, by my invention the rotation of the earth is made visible to the eye at any desired visibleto the eye of the spectaton. j qVvhat I-elaim herein-as myinvention; and

desire to secure by Letters Patent, is--- rlwlhe combinetiou ofthe pendulum with tlieslottedframe 0r supporter Band: a globe or map representing the surface of the earth, I constructed and'arranged'to operate substitutially as set forth. 7 V V r V V V 2.7The combination. of the peudulunu the supporter B, mid the globe or maprwith the V loeaiityon theglobeyand the distaueerunby. inriieetors :d e, constructed 7 and arranged to 1 theearths sulfaee'is measured bvthe 'POllltBfSf operate substantially as set forth; r

3. The combination of the pendulum, the

supporterB, the indicators 61, and the ring or rack fiwiith the pinions and.handsorpoiuters r rg eonstrueted, erreuged,m1d operating" sub-' r stamtially as. set forth.

' Witnesses:

J AM'E5 RIDGXVAY,' r WILLIAM FRAZEE.

"eHAR Es 'MANGEL. i r j e 

